Class II occurs when ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, dyspnea, or other symptoms. Class I describes a patient who is not limited with normal physical activity by symptoms. The New York Heart Association's (NYHA's) functional classification of CHF is one of the most useful.
Systolic dysfunction is characterized by a dilated left ventricle with impaired contractility, while diastolic dysfunction occurs in a normal or intact left ventricle with impaired ability to relax and receive as well as eject blood. Furthermore, heart failure can be subdivided into systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Backward failure is secondary to elevated systemic venous pressure, while left ventricular failure is secondary to reduced forward flow into the aorta and systemic circulation. The most severe manifestation of CHF, pulmonary edema, develops when this imbalance causes an increase in lung fluid secondary to leakage from pulmonary capillaries into the interstitium and alveoli of the lung.ĬHF can be categorized as forward or backward ventricular failure. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is an imbalance in pump function in which the heart fails to maintain the circulation of blood adequately.
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